Selasa, 05 April 2011

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

1. Ulasan lagu favorite

Tears in Heaven
by : Eric Clapton

Would you know my name
If I saw you in heaven
Will it be the same
If I saw you in heaven
I must be strong, and carry on
Cause I know I don't belong
Here in heaven

Would you hold my hand
If I saw you in heaven
Would you help me stand
If I saw you in heaven
I'll find my way, through night and day
Cause I know I just can't stay
Here in heaven

Time can bring you down
Time can bend your knee
Time can break your heart
Have you begging please
Begging please

(instrumental)

Beyond the door
There's peace I'm sure.
And I know there'll be no more...
Tears in heaven

Would you know my name
If I saw you in heaven
Will it be the same
If I saw you in heaven
I must be strong, and carry on
Cause I know I don't belong
Here in heaven

Cause I know I don't belong
Here in heaven


Story Song:
On March 20, 1991 promptly at 11 noon, a boy named 4-year-old Conor Clapton died because of a fall from a window 53 floors in an apartment in New York City.

Conor is being treated by his mother, Lori Del Santo, which is the Italian actress. They lived in an apartment while he was in New York. Eric Clapton, also located in New York (actually, Eric's house is located in Surrey, England) and lived in a nearby hotel when the accident occurred. Clapton and Del Santo was never married. Eric has been married to Pattie Boyd, former wife of George Harrison at the time of the birth of Conor, August 1986.

Conor's death a profound sadness for Eric Clapton. During 9 months of Eric blanketed deep sense of grief and he was not willing to appear. When he returned to the stage, his music has turned into a softer, stronger, and more reflective.

Tears in Heaven (written by Eric Clapton and Will Jennings) is the way Clapton poured his grief and a form of acceptance of the death of Conor. The song was actually made ​​for the movie sound track Rush in 1991, but in fact it was made in memory of about Cornor Clapton.

2. The Eagles

Hotel California

On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair
Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air
Up ahead in the distance, I saw a shimmering light
My head grew heavy and my sight grew dim
I had to stop for the night

There she stood in the doorway
I heard the mission bell
And I was thinking to myself
'This could be Heaven or this could be Hell'
Then she lit up a candle and she showed me the way
There were voices down the corridor
I thought I heard them say...

Welcome to the Hotel California
Such a lovely place
Such a lovely face
Plenty of room at the Hotel California
Any time of year, you can find it here

Her mind is Tiffany-twisted, she got the Mercedes bends
She got a lot of pretty, pretty boys, that she calls friends
How they dance in the courtyard, sweet summer sweat
Some dance to remember, some dance to forget

So I called up the Captain
'Please bring me my wine'
He said, 'We haven't had that spirit here since nineteen sixty nine'
And still those voices are calling from far away
Wake you up in the middle of the night
Just to hear them say...

Welcome to the Hotel California
Such a lovely place
Such a lovely face
They livin' it up at the Hotel California
What a nice surprise, bring your alibis

Mirrors on the ceiling
The pink champagne on ice
And she said 'We are all just prisoners here, of our own device'
And in the master's chambers,
They gathered for the feast
The stab it with their steely knives
But they just can't kill the beast

Last thing I remember, I was
Running for the door
I had to find the passage back
To the place I was before
'Relax,' said the night man
We are programmed to receive
You can checkout any time you like
but you can never leave !

Story Song : This song is about materialism and luxury. California became the main setting, but in fact can be found in other parts of America. Don Henley in the London newspaper Daily Mail 9 November 2007, said: "Some wild interpretation of the song to be amazing. benar2 This song tells about the glamor of American cultural life and gadis2nya that we know. Not to forget how thin satiric between art and commercialism."

"Colitas," in the phrase "Warm smell of colitas," often mistaken for a flower or a sexual symbol. And that word is a word of Spanish that translated Eagles manager descent Mexico means "Friends of Small," an analogy of marijuana.

3. Maroon 5 - This Love song’sLyrics

I was so high I did not recognize
The fire burning in her eyes
The chaos that controlled my mind
Whispered goodbye and she got on a plane
Never to return again
But always in my heart

This love has taken its toll on me
She said Goodbye too many times before
And her heart is breaking in front of me
I have no choice cause I won't say goodbye anymore

I tried my best to feed her appetite
Keep her coming every night
So hard to keep her satisfied
Kept playing love like it was just a game
Pretending to feel the same
Then turn around and leave again

This love has taken its toll on me
She said Goodbye too many times before
And her heart is breaking in front of me
I have no choice cause I won't say goodbye anymore

I'll fix these broken things
Repair your broken wings
And make sure everything's alright
My pressure on her hips
Sinking my fingertips
Into every inch of you
Cause I know that's what you want me to do


Story songs : A man in this song thinking that things are very good but blinded fact such a relationship with her ​​boyfriend in hell. His girlfriend often leave him alone, a trick, but this time she did not back it makes it hurt so, at this moment the man feel you've done this the best for his girlfriend but he never felt this satisfied man n considers love as a game, do not take it seriously, which causes his girlfriend to go.

According to the vocalist, Adam Levine, this song go round picture of his efforts continue to turn a relationship with his girlfriend, Jane

Senin, 04 April 2011

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

.

Meaning of economic

1. Strategy withdrawing its record monetary stimulus as inflation pressures build, ordering lenders to keep more cash in government bonds.

2. A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan

3. Credit is the trust which allows one party to provide resources to another party where that second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but instead arranges either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date

4. a rate function is a function used to quantify the probabilities of rare events. It is required to have several "nice" properties which assist in the formulation of the large deviation principle. In some sense, the large deviation principle is an analogue of weak convergence of probability measures, but one which takes account of how well the rare events behave.

5. In finance, the exchange rates (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies specify how much one currency is worth in terms of the other

6. Selling is offering to exchange something of value for something else

7. A market is any one of a variety of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange

8. price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods or services.

9. Purchasing refers to a business or organization attempting for acquiring goods or services to accomplish the goals of the enterprise

10. inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time

11. Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability

12. Draining reserves : Federal Reserve System's course of action to tighten the money supply by (1) raising a bank's minimum reserve requirements, (2) selling bonds in the open market, (3) raising the rate at which banks borrow from the Fed, or (4) through draw-downs.

13. the federal funds rate is the interest rate at which private depository institutions (mostly banks) lend balances (federal funds) at the Federal Reserve to other depository institutions, usually overnight.[1] It is the interest rate banks charge each other for loans.[2]

14. Consumer spending or consumer demand or consumption is also known as personal consumption expenditure. It is the largest part of aggregate demand or effective demand at the macroeconomic level. There are two variants of consumption in the aggregate demand model, including induced consumption and autonomous consumption

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

www.bloomberg.com

Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia President Charles Plosser : a strategy for withdrawing monetary stimulus

Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia President Charles Plosser laid out a strategy for withdrawing record monetary stimulus and said the improving economy means policy makers should consider how to exit.

The central bank should set a pace for selling its mortgage and Treasury holdings in conjunction with raising interest rates, Plosser said today in a speech in New York. He suggested selling $125 billion for every 0.25 percentage-point rise in the benchmark rate to almost eliminate $1.5 trillion in bank reserves.

Treasuries fell after Plosser, 62, a skeptic of the Fed’s decision to expand bond buying in November, described one of the most detailed plans by a policy maker for how to tighten credit and shrink a $2.6 trillion balance sheet. Fed officials were discussing the exit strategy a year ago before a slowing recovery led them to increase stimulus.

“By tying sales to interest rate decisions, it allows the process for selling assets to be conditional on economic outcomes in ways that are familiar to market participants,” Plosser said at a symposium hosted by the Shadow Open Market Committee, a group of economists who critique Fed policy. “This should provide a degree of comfort to the markets and reduce uncertainty about the path of sales.”

The yield on 10-year Treasuries rose to 3.44 percent at 5:15 p.m. in New York from 3.41 percent late yesterday, according to Bloomberg Bond Trader prices.

Next Steps

Plosser was among four Fed officials today discussing either the end of asset purchases or potential next steps, underscoring that central bankers are pondering how and when to unwind their programs to revive the economy after the deepest recession in seven decades.

Minneapolis Fed President Narayana Kocherlakota, speaking with reporters in Marseille, France, said the U.S. economy would have to “worsen materially” for the central bank to consider extending its bond purchases past June. Atlanta Fed President Dennis Lockhart said in a speech in Fort Myers, Florida, that while current policy is appropriate to bring about a moderate expansion and stable prices, he is ready to tighten policy if recent higher inflation persists.

Chicago Fed President Charles Evans told reporters at the bank that the Fed has less need to support the economy beyond this round of asset purchases, and any changes to the central bank’s stimulative policies should be considered some time after the program ends. “The economy definitely continues to improve each month,” he said.

‘Broadly Accurate’

If Plosser’s favorable economic outlook is “broadly accurate, then monetary policy will have to reverse course in the not-too-distant future and begin to remove the massive amount of accommodation it has supplied to the economy,” the Philadelphia Fed chief said.

Plosser, responding to questions after the speech, cautioned that he doesn’t have the “foggiest idea” if his plan will be implemented. He is among the most aggressive Fed proponents of attacking inflation through tighter monetary policy, dissenting twice from decisions to lower borrowing costs in 2008.

He co-chaired the shadow group before joining the Philadelphia Fed as its president in 2006. The event was also hosted by Economics 21, a Washington research group.

Bond Purchases

The Fed is scheduled to complete $600 billion of Treasury purchases in June under the second round of so-called quantitative easing; officials have given little indication what they will do after that. In speeches and testimony over the past two years, Chairman Ben S. Bernanke has listed the Fed’s tools for tightening credit, including raising rates, draining reserves and selling assets, without committing to the timing, sequence or aggressiveness of use.

Plosser said today he is focusing on the “design” of the exit strategy, not when to execute it. “It ought to be as rule- based as we can make it and as predictable as we can make it,” while still being responsive to the economy, he said after the speech.

Using the tool of raising the interest rate on banks’ reserves alone isn’t a cure-all because it doesn’t shrink the Fed’s assets, Plosser told reporters. “I want the balance sheet smaller,” he said. He said he’s worried about the Fed “getting behind the curve.”

At the Federal Open Market Committee’s last meeting on March 15, Plosser joined Fed policy makers in unanimously reaffirming plans to buy Treasuries while saying the recovery is gaining strength and that higher energy prices will have a temporary effect on inflation. The Fed has kept the federal funds rate close to zero since December 2008.

‘Significant Strength’

“The economy has gained significant strength and momentum since late last summer and seems to be on a much firmer foundation going forward,” Plosser said today. Companies are hiring workers, and weakness in commercial and residential real estate shouldn’t “prevent a broader economic recovery,” he said.

Turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa, along with Japan’s earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster, risk pushing up oil prices and damping the U.S. recovery, Plosser said. Still, such risk “is small and short term, assuming Japan is able to stabilize its nuclear reactors and political unrest in the Middle East does not dramatically disrupt Saudi Arabia, the region’s largest oil producer,” he said.

Jump in Spending

The economy grew at a revised 3.1 percent annual rate in the fourth quarter, up from a prior estimate of 2.8 percent, figures from the Commerce Department also showed today. The gain was led by a jump in consumer spending. Consumer sentiment in the U.S. dropped more than forecast in March, according to the Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan index, constrained by higher gasoline costs and the impact from Japan’s earthquake.

Analysts in a Bloomberg News survey earlier this month were divided over how long the Fed will keep its bond portfolio stable after the purchases end, with a plurality of 16 betting on a period of four to six months. Five economists said the Fed would halt the policy once QE2 ends; 11 said it would keep reinvesting for one to three months; 14 said seven to nine months and four said more than nine months.

To contact the reporter on this story: Scott Lanman in Washington at slanman@bloomberg.net; Caroline Salas in New York at csalas1@bloomberg.net.

To contact the editor responsible for this story: Christopher Wellisz at cwellisz@bloomberg.net

Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia Charles Plosser Presiden meletakkan sebuah strategi untuk menarik stimulus moneter merekam dan mengatakan ekonomi membaik berarti para pembuat kebijakan harus mempertimbangkan bagaimana untuk keluar.

Bank sentral harus menetapkan langkah untuk menjual hipotek dan kepemilikan Treasury dalam hubungannya dengan menaikkan suku bunga, Plosser mengatakan hari ini dalam sebuah pidato di New York. Dia menyarankan menjual $ 125.000.000.000 untuk setiap naik 0,25 persentase poin dalam suku bunga acuan untuk hampir menghilangkan 1500000000000 $ dalam cadangan bank.

Kas jatuh setelah Plosser, 62, skeptik keputusan Fed untuk memperluas membeli obligasi pada bulan November, menggambarkan salah satu rencana yang paling rinci oleh pembuat kebijakan untuk bagaimana memperketat kredit dan menyusut neraca $ 2600000000000. pejabat Fed sedang mendiskusikan strategi keluar setahun yang lalu sebelum pemulihan yang melambat menyebabkan mereka untuk meningkatkan rangsangan.

"Dengan mengikat penjualan kepada keputusan suku bunga, ini memungkinkan proses untuk menjual aset yang akan tergantung pada hasil ekonomi dengan cara yang akrab bagi pelaku pasar," kata Plosser pada simposium yang diselenggarakan oleh Shadow Open Market Committee, sekelompok ekonom yang Fed kritik kebijakan. "Ini harus memberikan tingkat kenyamanan ke pasar dan mengurangi ketidakpastian tentang jalur penjualan."

Yield pada obligasi pemerintah 10-tahun naik menjadi 3,44 persen jam 5:15 pm di New York dari 3,41 persen kemarin, menurut Bloomberg Trader Harga obligasi.
Langkah Berikutnya

Plosser merupakan salah empat pejabat Fed hari ini membahas baik akhir pembelian aset atau langkah-langkah berikutnya potensial, menggarisbawahi bahwa bank sentral yang memikirkan bagaimana dan kapan harus bersantai program mereka untuk menghidupkan kembali perekonomian setelah resesi terdalam dalam tujuh dekade.

Minneapolis Fed Presiden Narayana Kocherlakota, berbicara dengan wartawan di Marseille, Perancis, mengatakan perekonomian AS harus "memperburuk material" bagi bank sentral untuk mempertimbangkan memperluas pembelian obligasi Juni lalu. Presiden Fed Atlanta Dennis Lockhart mengatakan dalam sebuah pidato di Fort Myers, Florida, bahwa sementara kebijakan saat yang tepat untuk membawa ekspansi moderat dan harga yang stabil, dia siap untuk mengetatkan kebijakan jika inflasi tinggi baru-baru ini terus berlanjut.

Presiden Fed Chicago Charles Evans kepada wartawan di bank bahwa Fed telah kurang perlu untuk mendukung ekonomi di luar ini putaran pembelian aset, dan setiap perubahan kebijakan stimulatif bank sentral harus dipertimbangkan beberapa waktu setelah program berakhir. "Perekonomian pasti terus meningkatkan setiap bulan," katanya.
'Secara Akurat'

Jika prospek menguntungkan ekonomi Plosser adalah "luas akurat, maka kebijakan moneter harus membalikkan kursus dalam waktu yang tidak terlalu jauh dan mulai menghapus jumlah besar akomodasi telah diberikan kepada perekonomian," kata Kepala Philadelphia Fed.

Plosser, menanggapi pertanyaan setelah pidato tersebut, memperingatkan bahwa dia tidak memiliki "ide foggiest" jika rencananya akan diimplementasikan. Dia adalah salah satu pendukung Fed paling agresif menyerang inflasi melalui kebijakan moneter ketat, tidak setuju dua kali dari keputusan untuk menurunkan biaya pinjaman pada tahun 2008.

Dia co-ketua kelompok bayangan sebelum bergabung dengan Fed Philadelphia sebagai presiden pada tahun 2006. Acara ini juga diselenggarakan oleh Ekonomi 21, sebuah kelompok riset di Washington.
Pembelian Obligasi

The Fed dijadwalkan untuk menyelesaikan 600000000000 $ pembelian Treasury pada bulan Juni bawah putaran kedua pelonggaran kuantitatif disebut; pejabat telah memberikan indikasi apa yang akan mereka lakukan setelah itu. Dalam pidato dan kesaksian selama dua tahun terakhir, Ketua Ben S. Bernanke telah terdaftar alat The Fed untuk pengetatan kredit, termasuk menaikkan tarif, pengeringan cadangan dan menjual aset, tanpa melakukan dengan urutan, waktu atau agresivitas penggunaan.

Plosser mengatakan hari ini ia memfokuskan pada "desain" dari strategi keluar, bukan ketika untuk melaksanakannya. "Seharusnya sebagai berbasis aturan seperti yang kita dapat membuatnya dan diprediksi seperti yang kita bisa," sementara masih responsif terhadap perekonomian, dia mengatakan setelah pidato tersebut.

Menggunakan alat menaikkan suku bunga atas cadangan bank 'sendiri bukanlah menyembuhkan-semua karena tidak menyusut aset Fed, Plosser kepada wartawan. "Saya ingin neraca lebih kecil," katanya. Dia mengatakan dia khawatir tentang Fed "mendapatkan belakang kurva."

Pada pertemuan terakhir Federal Open Market Committee's pada tanggal 15 Maret Plosser bergabung pembuat kebijakan Fed dalam bulat menegaskan rencana untuk membeli Treasuries sambil mengatakan pemulihan adalah mendapatkan kekuatan dan bahwa harga energi yang lebih tinggi akan memiliki efek yang sementara pada inflasi. The Fed telah mempertahankan dekat tingkat dana federal untuk nol sejak Desember 2008.
'Kekuatan Signifikan'

"Perekonomian telah mendapatkan kekuatan yang signifikan dan momentum sejak musim panas lalu terlambat dan tampaknya di atas pondasi yang jauh lebih kencang ke depan," kata Plosser hari ini. Perusahaan-perusahaan mempekerjakan pekerja, dan kelemahan dalam real estat komersial dan residensial tidak harus "mencegah pemulihan ekonomi yang lebih luas," katanya.

Kekacauan di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara, bersama dengan, tsunami gempa bumi Jepang dan bencana nuklir, risiko mendorong harga minyak dan redaman pemulihan AS, kata Plosser. Namun, risiko tersebut "adalah istilah kecil dan pendek, dengan asumsi Jepang dapat menstabilkan reaktor nuklirnya dan politik kerusuhan di Timur Tengah tidak mengganggu secara dramatis Arab Saudi, produsen minyak terbesar di kawasan itu," katanya.
Langsung dalam Pengeluaran

Ekonomi tumbuh pada tingkat 3,1 persen revisi tahunan pada kuartal keempat, naik dari perkiraan sebelumnya 2,8 persen, angka-angka dari Departemen Perdagangan juga menunjukkan hari ini. Keuntungan tersebut dipimpin oleh peningkatan belanja konsumen. Sentimen konsumen di AS turun lebih dari perkiraan di bulan Maret, menurut Thomson Reuters index / University of Michigan, terkendala oleh biaya bensin lebih tinggi dan dampak dari gempa bumi Jepang.

Analis dalam survei Bloomberg News awal bulan ini dibagi atas berapa lama Fed akan terus portofolio obligasi stabil setelah akhir pembelian, dengan pluralitas 16 bertaruh pada kurun waktu empat sampai enam bulan. Lima ekonom mengatakan Fed akan menghentikan kebijakan pernah berakhir QE2; 11 mengatakan akan tetap menginvestasikan kembali selama satu sampai tiga bulan; 14 kata tujuh sampai sembilan bulan dan empat mengatakan lebih dari sembilan bulan.

Untuk menghubungi reporter di cerita ini: Scott Lanman di Washington pada slanman@bloomberg.net; Caroline Salas di New York di csalas1@bloomberg.net.

Untuk menghubungi editor yang bertanggung jawab untuk cerita ini: Christopher Wellisz di cwellisz@bloomberg.net